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What Is Typhoid Fever? What Is Typhoid?
Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. It is also known as enteric fever, or commonly just typhoid. Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are clinically indistinguishable diseases, collectively called enteric fever. It easily spreads through contaminated food and water supplies and close contact with others who are infected. The illness is characterized by very high fever, sweating, gastroenteritis, and diarrhea. Although typhoid is very rare in the developed world, it is still a serious health threat in the developing world. Typhoid is treatable with antibiotics.
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Combined Data From Four Large-Scale Studies Demonstrate The Efficacy And Tolerability Of Seroquel In Bipolar Depression
Results presented today at the 162nd American Psychiatric Association (APA) congress in San Francisco, CA, demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of SEROQUEL® (quetiapine fumarate) for treating depressive episodes in bipolar disorder, including the difficult-to-treat bipolar II patient population.1,2 The data are from combined analyses of four large-scale clinical trials to examine SEROQUEL as a treatment for depressive episodes associated with bipolar I and II disorders. SEROQUEL and SEROQUEL XR™, a once-daily, extended-release formulation of SEROQUEL, is one of the most widely studied atypical antipsychotic in bipolar depression and the only agent approved as monotherapy to treat the spectrum of mood episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
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California Medical Association Supports Senate Move To Expand Health Care Coverage
The California Medical Association applauded the U.S. Senate Finance Committee for producing a thoughtful analysis of ways to expand the nation"s health care coverage. The committee"s paper, titled "Expanding Health Care Coverage: Proposals to Provide Affordable Coverage to All Americans," includes certain market reforms that all participating health plans would be required to participate in.
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Bacteria Can Induce A Harmful Immune Response

Molecules known as type I IFNs are a central component of the protective immune response following infection with a virus. In contrast, these molecules are not normally linked to the protective immune response following infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which is becoming a major health problem due to the emergence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains. However, Alice Prince and colleagues have now determined that Staphylococcus aureus induce the production of type I IFNs by mouse and human airway cells, but these molecules are not part of a protective immune response in mice, rather they markedly enhance the severity of the pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. In the study, the researchers were able to pin down the Staphylococcus aureus protein that causes mouse and human airway cells to produce type I IFNs, protein A. Further analysis identified the region of protein A responsible, the Xr domain, and determined the importance of the type I IFNs produced - mice lacking the molecule to which most type I IFNs bind were dramatically protected from lethal pneumonia caused by infection with Staphylococcus aureus. As the signaling pathway by which type I IFNs activate their effects is very well defined, the authors suggest that targeting molecules in this pathway might provide a beneficial therapeutic approach for treating pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. TITLE: Staphylococcus aureus activates type I IFN signaling in mice and humans through the Xr repeated sequences of protein A AUTHOR: Alice Prince Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. View the PDF of this article at: https://www.the-jci.org/article.php?id=35879 Karen Honey Journal of Clinical Investigation JCI online early table of contents: June 15, 2009


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